Action1:
Move the pencil up and down vertically after dipping one end of it into a tub of water. Water waves are created by the disturbance in the form of ripples, and they travel away from the source. A small piece of floating cork goes up and down about its initial location as the wave hits it, continuing to drift outward as it does so. The cork has no net displacement at all. The cork continues to vibrate around its average position.
Action 2:
P-shaped point P should be marked on a rope. Stretch the rope by holding its opposite end in your hand while tying one end to support (Fig. 10.7). Now, regularly flipping the rope up and down will create a wave in the rope that will move in the direction of the fixed end. As the wave passes over the rope, it will begin to vibrate up and down at point P. Point P will move in a direction that is opposite to the direction in which the wave is moving.
Action 3:
Toss a stone into a watery pond. On the water's surface, waves of water will form and propagate outward (Fig. 10.10). Put a cork somewhere away from the stone that is about to fall. The cork will move up and down as waves reach it because it absorbs the energy from the waves and moves with the velocity of the water molecules. This experiment demonstrates how water waves, like other waves, move energy between locations without moving physical objects like water.
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